Acyl Substitution

Carboxylic Acid alkanoic acid	Base	Amine, Heat or Amine, DCC		Alcohol, Acid Catalyst (Fischer Esterification) or Diazomethane or Electrophilic Addition	Acid Catalyst, Heat	Thionyl Chloride, Pyridine Catalysis or Phosphorous Tribromide
Acid	Carboxylate Salt alkanoate	Ammonium, Heat
Acid, Water	Base	Amide Primary, amide Secondary, N-alkylamide Tertiary, N,N-dialkylamide	Thionyl Chloride, heat
Acid, Water	Base	Base	Nitrile alkanenitrile
Acid, Water	Base (Saponification)	Amine		Ester alkyl alkanoate
Water	Base	Amine		Alcohol or Alkoxide	Anhydride alkanoic anhydride
Water	Base	Amine		Alcohol or Alkoxide	Carboxylic Acid or Carboxylate Salt	Acid or Acyl Halide alkanoyl halide