Spectroscopy
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- Electromagnetic radiation is used to observe a substance and determine
its identity.
- Observing a molecule changes it.
- Every form of electromagnetic radiation has a corresponding frequency (n)
and wavelength (l) related by
n l = c, the speed of light.
| Electromagnetic Radiation |
Range |
Change |
Technique |
| X-ray |
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core electrons move |
X-ray Crystalography |
| Far Ultraviolet |
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valence electrons move |
Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy (UV) |
| Near Ultraviolet |
200-400 nm |
valence electrons move |
| Visible |
400-800 nm |
valence electrons move |
| Infrared |
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molecular vibrations |
IR Spectroscopy |
| Microwave |
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molecular translations and rotations |
Microwave Spectroscopy |
| Radio |
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nuclear flips |
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy |
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